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Shape abnormalities of caudate nucleus in schizotypal personality disorder

Institution:	1Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA 2Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 3Surgical Planning Laboratory, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Division, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 4Department of Computer Science and Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 5College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
Publisher:	Schizophr Res
Publication Date:	May-2009
Citation:	Schizophr Res. 2009 May;110(1-3):127-139.
PubMed ID:	19328654
PMCID:	PMC2756791
Keywords:	Caudate nucleus
Appears in Collections:	PNL, NA-MIC, SPL
Sponsors:	NIH K05 MH070047 NIH R01 MH50740 NIH R01 MH40799 NIH R01 MH052807 NIH U54 EB005149 NIH P50 MH080272
Generated Citation:	Levitt J, Styner M, Niethammer M, Bouix S, Koo M, Voglmaier M, Dickey C, Niznikiewicz M, Kikinis R, McCarley R, Shenton M. Shape abnormalities of caudate nucleus in schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophr Res. 2009 May;110(1-3):127-139. PMID: 19328654. PMCID: PMC2756791.
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Previously, we reported abnormal volume and global shape in the caudate nucleus in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Here, we use a new shape measure which importantly permits local in addition to global shape analysis, as well as local correlations with behavioral measures. METHODS: Thirty-two female and 15 male SPDs, and 29 female and 14 male normal controls (NCLs), underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We assessed caudate shape measures using spherical harmonic-point distribution model (SPHARM-PDM) methodology. RESULTS: We found more pronounced global shape differences in the right caudate in male and female SPD, compared with NCLs. Local shape differences, principally in the caudate head, survived statistical correction on the right. Also, we performed correlations between local surface deformations with clinical measures and found significant correlations between local shape deflated deformations in the anterior medial surface of the caudate with verbal learning capacity in female SPD. CONCLUSIONS: Using SPHARM-PDM methodology, we found both global and local caudate shape abnormalities in male and female SPD, particularly right-sided, and largely restricted to limbic and cognitive anterior caudate. The most important and novel findings were bilateral statistically significant correlations between local surface deflations in the anterior medial surface of the head of the caudate and verbal learning capacity in female SPD. By extension, these local caudate correlation findings implicate the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which innervates that area of the caudate, and demonstrate the utility of local shape analysis to investigate the relationship between specific subcortical and cortical brain structures in neuropsychiatric conditions.

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